Definitions and examples

Establishing shot.
The definition of a establishing shot is the set up of the scene's setting and/or the participants within the scene.
Example: An establishing shot might just be a long shot of a room that shows all the characters from a particular scene. For example, a scene about a murder in a college lecture hall might begin with a shot that shows the entire room, including the lecturing professor and the students taking notes.


Close up shot.
The definition of a close up shot tightly frames a person or an object. Close-ups are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots. Close-ups display the most detail.
Example: A close up shot can be indicated by using zoom for example zooming on a character's face. Close ups help show the emotion a particular character is feeling by their expression shown using a close up. 


Match on action shot. 
The definition of a match on action shot connects two shots cut together by having a character finish an action in the second shot begun in the first shot when the camera angle changes.
Example: A match on action shot adds variety and dinamism to a scene, since it conveys two movements: the one that actually takes place on screen, and an implied one by the viewer, since her/his position is shifted. An example of match on action is a shot of the character going towards the door, the camera rotates  to the opposite position so you watch the character walk through the door and into the room. 


Reaction Shot.
The definition of a reaction shot of a person reacting to dialogue or action. 
Example: A reaction shot could be during the middle of a conversation when the camera shot changes character to purposely show their reaction to what's happening around them.


Long shot.
A long shot includes both characters within the scene, it shows the location the characters are at. It also informs the audience of the characters positions which relate both to one another and the surroundings. 
Example: A long shot could be two characters in an office shown having a conversation, it shows their posture and positioning within the scene. 


Filming a conversation.
Filming a conversation consists of both characters within the scene by using an over shoulder camera action. This technique helps blend in with continuity editing.
Example: Filming a conversation could be used whilst a scene includes an interview, this would show both characters in a long section. By using an over the shoulder action we could see the interviewer and interviewee.


The 180 degree rule.
The 180 degree rule is a concept in video and film production, it involves and imaginary line which cuts through the middle of the scene. Changing the position of the camera from side to side or crossing the line changes the viewers perspective in such way that it may cause disorientation and confusion.